第1章数据库基础......................................................................................................................................11.1 基本概念...........................................................................................................................................11.1.1 数据.........................................................................................................................................11.1.2 数据库.....................................................................................................................................11.1.3 数据库管理系统......................................................................................................................11.1.4 数据库系统..............................................................................................................................11.2 关系数据库.......................................................................................................................................11.2.1 关系模型.................................................................................................................................21.2.2 关系数据库..............................................................................................................................21.3 常见的数据库对象............................................................................................................................31.3.1 表.............................................................................................................................................31.3.2 索引.........................................................................................................................................31.3.3 视图.........................................................................................................................................31.3.4 存储过程.................................................................................................................................31.4 范式...................................................................................................................................................41.4.1 第一范式.................................................................................................................................41.4.2 第二范式.................................................................................................................................41.4.3 第三范式.................................................................................................................................41.5 DML语言...........................................................................................................................................51.5.1 查询数据.................................................................................................................................51.5.2 插入数据.................................................................................................................................81.5.3 修改数据.................................................................................................................................91.5.4 删除数据.................................................................................................................................9第2章 ORACLE SERVER构成..............................................................................................................102.1 概述.................................................................................................................................................102.2 ORACLE实例..................................................................................................................................102.2.1 ORACLE进程.........................................................................................................................112.2.2 ORACLE内存结构.................................................................................................................132.3 ORACLE数据库...............................................................................................................................142.3.1 数据库物理结构.....................................................................................................................152.3.2 数据库逻辑结构.....................................................................................................................162.4 模式和模式对象...............................................................................................................................192.4.1 表............................................................................................................................................192.4.2 视图........................................................................................................................................202.4.3 聚集........................................................................................................................................202.4.4 索引........................................................................................................................................202.4.5 程序单元................................................................................................................................21第3章用户管理........................................................................................................................................223.1 创建用户..........................................................................................................................................223.2 撤销和改变用户...............................................................................................................................233.3 用户权限..........................................................................................................................................233.3.1 系统权限................................................................................................................................233.3.2 对象权限................................................................................................................................263.4 角色..................................................................................................................................................273.4.1 创建角色................................................................................................................................273.4.2 授予和取消角色.....................................................................................................................283.4.3 启用角色................................................................................................................................283.5 查询与权限和角色有关的视图.......................................................................................................283.6 概要文件..........................................................................................................................................293.6.1 创建profile.............................................................................................................................303.6.2 查询用户和profile相关信息的数据字典视图.......................................................................31第4章启动和关闭数据库.........................................................................................................................334.1 启动数据库......................................................................................................................................334.1.1 正常启动................................................................................................................................334.1.2 非加载启动.............................................................................................................................344.1.3 加载启动................................................................................................................................354.1.4 约束启动................................................................................................................................354.1.5 强制数据库启动.....................................................................................................................364.2 更改数据库的可用性.......................................................................................................................36我们的论坛http://forum.meslog.cniii4.2.1 将数据库装入实例................................................................................................................364.2.2 打开一个关闭的数据库........................................................................................................364.3 关闭数据库.....................................................................................................................................364.3.1 用normal选项关闭.................................................................................................................374.3.2 用immediate 选项关闭.........................................................................................................374.3.3 用transactional 选项关闭......................................................................................................384.3.4 用abort选项关闭....................................................................................................................384.4 通过诊断文件监控数据库运行......................................................................................................384.4.1 后台进程运行跟踪文件........................................................................................................384.4.2 警告日志文件........................................................................................................................384.4.3 用户跟踪文件........................................................................................................................39第5章 ORACLE NET.............................................................................................................................405.1 ORACLE NET体系结构...................................................................................................................405.1.1 客户机/服务器结构...............................................................................................................405.1.2 瘦客户机结构........................................................................................................................415.2 ORACLE NET服务器端...................................................................................................................435.2.1 监听器进程............................................................................................................................435.2.2 listener.ora文件.......................................................................................................................435.3 UNIX环境下的监听器进程.............................................................................................................445.3.1 启动和停止监听器进程........................................................................................................445.3.2 查看监听程序运行状况........................................................................................................445.3.3 lsnrctl命令的参数...................................................................................................................445.4 连接描述符.....................................................................................................................................46第6章数据字典........................................................................................................................................486.1 内部RDBMS（X$）表...................................................................................................................486.2 数据字典表.....................................................................................................................................496.3 动态性能视图.................................................................................................................................496.4 数据字典视图.................................................................................................................................496.5 数据字典举例.................................................................................................................................496.5.1 数据字典总体信息................................................................................................................496.5.2 模式对象信息........................................................................................................................496.5.3 空间分配信息.........................................................................................................................496.5.4 数据库结构信息.....................................................................................................................50第7章管理数据库存储.............................................................................................................................517.1 ORACLE数据库结构........................................................................................................................517.2 ORACLE块.......................................................................................................................................517.2.1 ORACLE块结构......................................................................................................................517.2.2 理解PCTFREE与PCTUSED..................................................................................................527.3 管理表存储区（数据段）...............................................................................................................547.3.1 创建表....................................................................................................................................547.3.2 STORAGE子句.......................................................................................................................557.4 管理表空间......................................................................................................................................557.4.1 创建表空间.............................................................................................................................557.4.2 表空间的区管理方式.............................................................................................................567.4.3 调整表空间的大小.................................................................................................................577.5 获取存储结构的信息.......................................................................................................................587.5.1 查询DBA_SEGMENTS.........................................................................................................597.5.2 查询DBA_EXTENTS.............................................................................................................597.5.3 查询DBA_FREE_SPACE......................................................................................................60第8章备份和恢复....................................................................................................................................628.1 逻辑备份..........................................................................................................................................628.1.1 Export实用程序.......................................................................................................................628.1.2 Import实用程序.......................................................................................................................668.2 脱机备份..........................................................................................................................................718.3 联机备份..........................................................................................................................................728.3.1 归档模式和非归档模式.........................................................................................................728.3.2 联机数据库备份.....................................................................................................................738.4 数据库恢复......................................................................................................................................758.4.1 实例恢复................................................................................................................................758.4.2 介质恢复概述.........................................................................................................................758.4.3 无归档日志的数据库恢复.....................................................................................................768.4.4 有归档日志的数据库完全恢复.............................................................................................778.4.5 有归档日志的数据库不完全恢复........................................................................................79